TIPS
- Pay close attention to the details!
- When using a direct quote, the ending quotation mark goes before the in-text citation but the period comes after.
- Do not abbreviate a name unless that is how it appears on the source.
- Abbreviate months, except for May, June, and July.
- If no date is available, write n.d. in place of the year.
More Citation Examples
In-Text Citing
Every time you quote or paraphrase from another source, you must give credit to that source either at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of your sentence. This is known as in-text citing; it is used not only to give credit but also to direct the reader to the proper source in the Works Cited list at the end of your paper.
The format of in-text citing depends on two things: the structure of your sentence and whether you are using a direct quote or paraphrasing.
Sentence without Author - Direct Quote
He asserts, "Management by objectives is a well established managerial technique, but the same principles should be applied to the setting of personal targets" (Norfolk 63).
Sentence with Author - Direct Quote
Norfolk asserts, "Management by objectives is a well established managerial technique, but the same principles should be applied to the setting of personal targets" (63).
Sentence without Author - Paraphrase
The author reminds people to use the management by objectives technique for personal goals as well as work goals (Norfolk 63).
Sentence with Author - Paraphrase
Norfolk reminds people to use the management by objectives technique for personal goals as well as work goals (63).
Works Cited
The Reference List is a list of all works quoted or paraphrased in your
paper. Each work cited in your text must have a corresponding entry on the
Reference List. The second line (and all subsequent lines) of each entry must
be indented one-half inch from the left margin (due to the nature of this
guide, this rule will not be reflected in the examples). All author names are
inverted (last name first, first name last). The publication information can
often be found at the beginning of the work along with the copyright
information (the copyright is the publication year); look for the copyright
symbol to find the correct page.
Book - Information Needed
Last name, first name. Title of book underlined. Place of
publication: Publisher, year of publication.
Book - One Author
DeSantis, Vincent. The Shaping of Modern
Book - Multiple Authors
Burns, James MacGregor, and Susan Dunn. The
Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed
Book - Chapter
Landy, Marc. "Politics and Friendship: Martin
Van Buren and Andrew Jackson". Friends and Citizens: Essays in Honor of
Wilson Carey McWilliams. Ed. Peter Dennis Bathory and Nancy L. Schwartz.
Journal Article - Single author, journal paginated by issue
Heinze, Andrew R. "The Morality of
Reservation: Western Lands in the
Journal Article - Single author, journal paginated continuously
Scherr, Andrew. "Governor James Monroe and
the
Journal Article - Multiple authors, journal paginated by issue
Weems, Robert E., and Lewis A. Randolph. "The
Ideological Origins of Richard M. Nixon's 'Black Capitalism' Initiative." Review
of Black Political Economy 29.1 (2001): 49-61.
Journal Article - Multiple authors, journal paginated continuously
King, James D., and James W. Riddlesperger, Jr.
"Presidential Leadership of Congressional Civil Rights Voting: The Cases
of Eisenhower and Johnson." Policy Studies Journal 21 (1993):
544-555.
Print article retrieved from an online source
Highton, Benjamin. "Bill Clinton, Newt
Gingrich, and the 1998 House Elections." Public Opinion Quarterly
66.1 (2002): 18 pp. 29 May 2003 <http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/POQ/issues/v66n1/660101.html>
Article from an online-only journal
Redmond, Edward J. "The Mapmaker of
Article retrieved from a library database
Siracusa, Joseph M., and David G. Coleman.
"Scaling the Nuclear Ladder: Deterrence from Truman to
Example Ref. List
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